Diabetes mellitus is a common condition whose prevalence and incidence are on the rise all over the world. It is a condition in which autoimmune processes cause the gradual death of pancreatic β-cells. As a result, there is a gradual depletion of endogenous insulin until it is absent. Secondary defects in glucagon and, most likely, incretins occur due to the absence of βcells. The primary phenotype is metabolic instability and extreme glycemic variability, caused by these various hormonal abnormalities. Patients also experience hypoglycemia unawareness as the disease progresses and deficiencies in their counterregulatory defenses. Intensive insulin therapy may result in a threefold increase in extreme hypoglycemia, making it challenging to regulate hyperglycemia effectively and safely. The critical aim of type 1 diabetes treatment has long been to achieve physiological mimicry of natural insulin secretion by monitoring, necessitating a significant amount of effort and knowledge of the underlying physiology. Insulin therapy was a big move forward in treating type 1 diabetes, but frequent hyperglycemia has a significant impact on these patients' quality of life. This study discusses the current medical problems of managing hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus. The review summarizes insulin secretion and functions, as well as the difficulties associated with insulin administration. Table 1 also outlines the negative health consequences of low prescription adherence. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the importance of establishing a public health policy and regulatory body that guarantees the protection of all diabetes drugs on the market and introduces gene-based therapies as an alternative to traditional treatments.