Kalundu reservoir is one of the water reservoirs in arid and semi-arid lands in Kenya that has been experiencing periodic siltation since 1950s. Lack of data and information on the hydrological processes and land use practices has limited implementation of localized strategies to minimize sedimentation in the reservoir.The objective of this study was to determine the hydrological influences and land use practices that contributed to sedimentation of Kalundu reservoir in the period between (2000 – 2021). Hydrological datasetswere acquired from three sampling stations established at different points along KalunduRiver. Landsat imagery were used in the Land use andLand Cover analysis. Hydrological analysis showed that during the short rainy season, the mean river discharge ranged from 0.44- 1.00m3 /day and 0.11-0.50m3 /day during the long rains. Sediment load discharged into the reservoir

Keywords : Reservoir sedimentation, ASALs, sediment load, seasonal rivers, soil erosion