Authors :
Ajit Gaikwad; Pratik Nagre
Volume/Issue :
Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 6 - June
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/4ebz7984
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/ys64x6p2
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26jun1079
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
Background:
The proliferation of health and wellness influencers on social media has created a Halo Effect where fruit beveragesregardless of actual sugar content- are viewed as inherently healthy. This is particularly problematic in an era of escalating
obesity and metabolic disease.
Objective:
To measure the extent and determinants of the Halo Effect around fruit juice consumption mediated by health
influencers, examining the disparity between perceived and actual nutritional quality among 18-46-year-old social media
users.
Methods:
320 adult participants were recruited across Instagram, YouTube and TikTok by means of stratified purposive
sampling, completing a cross-sectional quantitative survey using the validated Influencer Health Halo Scale (IHHS),
Nutritional Knowledge Inventory (NKI) and Social Media Literacy Scale (SMLS). Descriptives, Pearson correlation,
independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, multiple linear regression and SEM were conducted using IBM SPSS
Statistics 29.0 and AMOS 29.0.
Keywords :
Halo Effect, Health Influencer, Fruit Juice, Social Media Health Marketing, Consumer Behavior.
References :
- Boepple, L., & Thompson, J. K. (2014). A content analysis of healthy living blogs: Evidence of content thematically consistent with dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviors. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(4), 362–367. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22244
- Boepple, L., & Thompson, J. K. (2016). A content analysis of fitspiration websites. Body Image, 17, 132–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.03.003
- Boerman, S. C., Willemsen, L. M., & Van Der Aa, E. P. (2017). "This post is sponsored": Effects of sponsorship disclosure on persuasion knowledge and electronic word of mouth in the context of Facebook. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 38, 82–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2016.12.002
- Campbell, C., & Farrell, J. R. (2020). More than meets the eye: The functional components underlying influencer marketing. Business Horizons, 63(4), 469–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2020.03.003
- Carrotte, E. R., Prichard, I., & Lim, M. S. C. (2017). "Fitspiration" on social media: A content analysis of gendered images. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(3), e95. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.6368
- Chandon, P., & Wansink, B. (2007). The biasing health halos of fast-food restaurant health claims: Lower calorie estimates and higher side-dish consumption intentions. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(3), 301–314. https://doi.org/10.1086/519499
- Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
- DataReportal. (2024). Digital 2024: India. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2024-india
- De Veirman, M., Cauberghe, V., & Hudders, L. (2017). Marketing through Instagram influencers: The impact of number of followers and product divergence on brand attitude. International Journal of Advertising, 36(5), 798–828. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2017.1348035
- Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
- Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202
- Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). (2024). Nutritional information database for common beverages. Government of India. https://www.fssai.gov.in
- Freberg, K., Graham, K., McGaughey, K., & Freberg, L. A. (2011). Who are the social media influencers? A study of public perceptions of personality. Public Relations Review, 37(1), 90–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2010.11.001
- GBD 2017 Diet Collaborators. (2019). Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet, 393(10184), 1958–1972. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30041-8
- Giles, D. C. (2002). Parasocial interaction: A review of the literature and a model for future research. Media Psychology, 4(3), 279–305. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532785XMEP0403_04
- Gill, J. M. R., & Sattar, N. (2014). Fruit juice: Just another sugary drink? The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2(6), 444–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70013-0
- Horton, D., & Wohl, R. R. (1956). Mass communication and para-social interaction: Observations on intimacy at a distance. Psychiatry, 19(3), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1956.11023049
- Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
- Imamura, F., O'Connor, L., Ye, Z., Mursu, J., Hayashino, Y., Bhupathiraju, S. N., & Forouhi, N. G. (2015). Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction. BMJ, 351, h3576. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h3576
- Kickbusch, I., Wait, S., Maag, D., Banks, I., & MacTaggart, P. (2013). Navigating health: The role of health literacy. Alliance for Health and the Future. https://www.who.int
- Kozup, J. C., Creyer, E. H., & Burton, S. (2003). Making healthful food choices: The influence of health claims and nutrition information on consumers' evaluations of packaged
- Food products and restaurant menu items. Journal of Marketing, 67(2), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.67.2.19.18608
- Literat, I. (2014). Measuring new media literacies: Towards the development of a comprehensive assessment tool. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 6(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.23860/JMLE-2014-6-1-2
- Lou, C., & Yuan, S. (2019). Influencer marketing: How message value and credibility affect consumer trust of branded content on social media. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 19(1), 58–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2018.1533501
- Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977). The halo effect: Evidence for unconscious alteration of judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(4), 250–256. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.35.4.250
- Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Parmenter, K., & Wardle, J. (1999). Development of a general nutrition knowledge questionnaire for adults. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 53(4), 298–308. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600726
- Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 19, 123–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60214-2
- Piernas, C., Tate, A. R., Wang, X., & Popkin, B. M. (2014). Does diet-beverage intake affect dietary consumption patterns? Results from the Choose Healthy Options Consciously Everyday (CHOICE) randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 99(3), 567–577. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.079087
- Public Health England. (2016). The Eatwell Guide: How does it differ from the Eatwell Plate and why? PHE Publications. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-eatwell-guide
- Schuldt, J. P., Muller, D., & Schwarz, N. (2012). The "fair trade" effect: Health halos from social ethics claims. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(5), 581–589. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550611431643
- Statista. (2024). Number of social media users worldwide from 2017 to 2027. Statista Research Department. https://www.statista.com/statistics/278414/number-of-worldwide-social-network-users/
- Talati, Z., Norman, R., Pettigrew, S., Neal, B., Kelly, B., Dixon, H., & Ball, K. (2017). The impact of interpretive and reductive front-of-pack labels on food choice and attention. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), 171. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0628-2
- Thorndike, E. L. (1920). A constant error in psychological ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 4(1), 25–29. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0071663
- Turner, P. G., & Lefevre, C. E. (2017). Instagram use is linked to increased symptoms of orthorexia nervosa. Eating and Weight Disorders, 22(2), 277–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-017-0364-2
- Wansink, B., & Chandon, P. (2006). Can "low-fat" nutrition labels lead to obesity? Journal of Marketing Research, 43(4), 605–617. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.43.4.605
- World Health Organization. (2015). Guideline: Sugars intake for adults and children. WHO Press. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241549028
- World Health Organization. (2021). Health literacy: The solid facts. WHO Regional Office for Europe. https://www.who.int/europe/publications
Background:
The proliferation of health and wellness influencers on social media has created a Halo Effect where fruit beveragesregardless of actual sugar content- are viewed as inherently healthy. This is particularly problematic in an era of escalating
obesity and metabolic disease.
Objective:
To measure the extent and determinants of the Halo Effect around fruit juice consumption mediated by health
influencers, examining the disparity between perceived and actual nutritional quality among 18-46-year-old social media
users.
Methods:
320 adult participants were recruited across Instagram, YouTube and TikTok by means of stratified purposive
sampling, completing a cross-sectional quantitative survey using the validated Influencer Health Halo Scale (IHHS),
Nutritional Knowledge Inventory (NKI) and Social Media Literacy Scale (SMLS). Descriptives, Pearson correlation,
independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, multiple linear regression and SEM were conducted using IBM SPSS
Statistics 29.0 and AMOS 29.0.
Keywords :
Halo Effect, Health Influencer, Fruit Juice, Social Media Health Marketing, Consumer Behavior.