Diabetes is a chronic-condition, that necessitates ongoing medical care to patient, patient education, and support for self-management in order to avoid acute complications and decrease long-term repercussions. Therefore, the epidemic of Diabetic mellitus (DM) is followed by a burden of diabetes-related vascular disease. In particular, type 2 diabetes is an epidemic that requires global attention as cardiovascular risk. As the population ages, persons with diabetes are becoming more prevalent. This is partly due to increased obesity and physical inactivity. Globally, both hyperglycemia during pregnancy and obesity in women of childbearing age have reached epidemic proportions (1:2). Untreated diabetic pregnancies are associated with high perinatal mortality and morbidity. However, screening, prenatal fetal monitoring, and insulin therapy significantly reduced this value. This article reviews the definition, risk factors, etiology, screening and treatment, maternal and fetal complications, side effects, and prevention of diabetes during pregnancy.

Keywords : Diabetic mellitus, Gestational diabetes, Treatment, Complications, Diagnostic criteria.