Authors :
Lavanya Wadhera
Volume/Issue :
Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 4 - April
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/4muekf8t
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/37xczat7
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26apr1637
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
This paper will look at the connection between rumination, emotional exhaustion and subjective well-being among
college students. University is a sensitive developmental stage characterised by both academic stress and social changes
which may increase mental distress. Although theoretical models, such as the Response Styles Theory and the Conservation
of Resources Theory, posit that these aspects have a negative effect on mental health, there is a lack of empirical applications
of these constructs. Quantitative cross-sectional research design was used and a sample of 250 university students (18 to 25)
was recruited through convenience sampling. Data collection was done using standardized measures such as the Ruminative
Response Scale (RRS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) emotional exhaustion subscale, and a standardized Subjective
Well-Being Scale. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The descriptive results
were moderate rumination levels (54.00), emotional exhaustion (26.59) and subjective well-being (19.20). The study did not
find any statistically significant relationships between the variables as was anticipated of negative relationships. The
combination of rumination and emotional exhaustion was able to explain only 0.1% of the variance in subjective well-being
(R 2 =.001, p=.912). These findings suggest that rumination or exhaustion by themselves, may not directly affect subjective
well-being among university populations, but rather be modulated by more interactions, e.g., social support or resilience.
The study suggests the significance of bigger research designs and longitudinal research studies to understand the
multidimensionality of student mental health.
Keywords :
Rumination, Emotional Exhaustion, Subjective Well-Being, University Students, Academic Burnout.
References :
- Burwell, R. A., & Shirk, S. R. (2007). Subtypes of rumination in adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 36(1), 56–65.
- Ciesla, J. A., & Roberts, J. E. (2007). Rumination and depression in college students. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 31(4), 593–605.
- Dahlin, M., Joneborg, N., & Runeson, B. (2005). Stress and depression among medical students. Medical Education, 39(6), 594–604.
- Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575.
- Diener, E., Suh, E., Lucas, R., & Smith, H. (1999). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302.
- Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in emotion regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348–362.
- Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement. Journal of School Psychology, 43(6), 495–513.
- Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources theory. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524.
- Lyubomirsky, S., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1995). Effects of rumination on mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(1), 176–190.
- Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397–422.
- Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 569–582.
- Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400–424.
- Salmela-Aro, K., Kiuru, N., Leskinen, E., & Nurmi, J. (2009). School burnout inventory. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25(1), 48–57.
- Schaufeli, W. B., Martinez, I., Pinto, A., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(5), 464–481.
- Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003). Rumination reconsidered. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(3), 247–259.
- Watkins, E. R. (2008). Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought. Psychological Bulletin, 134(2), 163–206.
- Zoccola, P. M., Dickerson, S. S., & Zaldivar, F. P. (2008). Rumination and cortisol responses. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70(6), 661–668.*
This paper will look at the connection between rumination, emotional exhaustion and subjective well-being among
college students. University is a sensitive developmental stage characterised by both academic stress and social changes
which may increase mental distress. Although theoretical models, such as the Response Styles Theory and the Conservation
of Resources Theory, posit that these aspects have a negative effect on mental health, there is a lack of empirical applications
of these constructs. Quantitative cross-sectional research design was used and a sample of 250 university students (18 to 25)
was recruited through convenience sampling. Data collection was done using standardized measures such as the Ruminative
Response Scale (RRS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) emotional exhaustion subscale, and a standardized Subjective
Well-Being Scale. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The descriptive results
were moderate rumination levels (54.00), emotional exhaustion (26.59) and subjective well-being (19.20). The study did not
find any statistically significant relationships between the variables as was anticipated of negative relationships. The
combination of rumination and emotional exhaustion was able to explain only 0.1% of the variance in subjective well-being
(R 2 =.001, p=.912). These findings suggest that rumination or exhaustion by themselves, may not directly affect subjective
well-being among university populations, but rather be modulated by more interactions, e.g., social support or resilience.
The study suggests the significance of bigger research designs and longitudinal research studies to understand the
multidimensionality of student mental health.
Keywords :
Rumination, Emotional Exhaustion, Subjective Well-Being, University Students, Academic Burnout.