Authors : Nguyen Thi Xuan Quynh

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 6 - June

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/58fnbb7v

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25jun733

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Note : Google Scholar may take 30 to 40 days to display the article.

Abstract : As ESG principles gain traction in sustainable development agendas, the role of tourism particularly community-based tourism (CBT) in advancing responsible practices warrants greater empirical attention. This study explores how CBT contributes to ESG implementation in Vietnam through a sequential mixed-methods design. Quantitative data from 128 stakeholders across four CBT destinations, combined with 20 qualitative interviews, reveal three pathways linking CBT to ESG performance: environmental stewardship through community ownership, social cohesion via participatory governance, and institutional transparency promoting accountability. Structural equation modeling confirms that community empowerment is the most influential driver of ESG outcomes. Building on stakeholder theory, the study proposes a refined CBT–ESG framework that bridges local participation with sustainable tourism governance. The findings offer both theoretical insight and practical guidance for policymakers and destination managers seeking to embed ESG values into tourism planning particularly in emerging economies aiming for inclusive, resilient development.

Keywords : Community-Based Tourism, ESG Implementation, Stakeholder Theory, Sustainable Tourism, Participatory Governance, Vietnam.

References :

1. Blackstock, K. (2005). A critical look at community based tourism. Community Development Journal, 40(1), 39–49.
2. Bramwell, B., & Lane, B. (2023). Tourism and environmental sustainability: Advancing the agenda. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 31(1), 1–18.
3. Bramwell, B., & Sharman, A. (1999). Collaboration in local tourism policymaking. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), 392–415.
4. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
5. Byrd, E. T. (2007). Stakeholders in sustainable tourism development and their roles: Applying stakeholder theory to sustainable tourism development. Tourism Review, 62(2), 6–13.
6. Choi, H. C., & Sirakaya, E. (2006). Sustainability indicators for managing community tourism. Tourism Management, 27(6), 1274–1289.
7. Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
8. Dwyer, L. (2018). Saluting while the ship sinks: The necessity for tourism paradigm change. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(1), 29–48.
9. Elkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of 21st century business. Capstone Publishing.
10. Font, X., & McCabe, S. (2017). Sustainability and marketing in tourism: Its contexts, paradoxes, approaches, challenges and potential. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(7), 869–883.
11. Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Cambridge University Press.
12. Friede, G., Busch, T., & Bassen, A. (2015). ESG and financial performance: Aggregated evidence from more than 2000 empirical studies. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 5(4), 210–233.
13. Giampiccoli, A., & Saayman, M. (2018). Community-based tourism development model and community participation. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 7(4), 1–27.
14. Goodwin, H., & Santilli, R. (2009). Community-based tourism: A success? ICRT Occasional Paper, 11, 1–37.
15. Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1–20.
16. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
17. Jamal, T. B., & Getz, D. (1995). Collaboration theory and community tourism planning. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(1), 186–204.
18. Jones, P., Hillier, D., & Comfort, D. (2016). Sustainability in the hospitality industry: Some personal reflections on corporate challenges and research agendas. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(1), 36–67.
19. Kock, F., Nørfelt, A., Josiassen, A., Assaf, A. G., & Tsionas, M. G. (2020). Understanding the COVID-19 tourist psyche: The evolutionary tourism paradigm. Annals of Tourism Research, 85, 103053.
20. López-Guzmán, T., Sánchez-Cañizares, S., & Pavón, V. (2011). Community-based tourism in developing countries: A case study. Tourismos, 6(1), 69–84.
21. Mtapuri, O., & Giampiccoli, A. (2019). Tourism, community-based tourism and ecotourism: A definitional problematic. South African Geographical Journal, 101(1), 22–35.
22. Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Ramakrishna, S., Hall, C. M., Esfandiar, K., & Seyfi, S. (2020). A systematic scoping review of sustainable tourism indicators in relation to the sustainable development goals. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(10), 1497–1517.
23. Scheyvens, R. (2002). Tourism for development: Empowering communities. Pearson Education.
24. Telfer, D. J., & Sharpley, R. (2016). Tourism and development in the developing world (2nd ed.). Routledge.
25. Tosun, C. (2000). Limits to community participation in the tourism development process in developing countries. Tourism Management, 21(6), 613–633.
26. Tran, T. H., & Walter, P. (2021). Ecotourism, gender and development in northern Vietnam. Annals of Tourism Research, 44, 116–130.
27. Vietnam National University. (2020). Vietnam tourism statistics annual report 2020. VNU Press.