The Role of Mitochondria in the Development of Nervous System Diseases and Mental Disorders


Authors : Hala Deeb; V. N. Perfilova

Volume/Issue : Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 6 - June

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/3p5mcudk

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/27vanpkp

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUN897

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Abstract : The review analyzed articles from the Pub- Med database mainly from the last 10 years, indicating the role of mitochondria in the development of diseases of the central nervous system and mental disorders. Mu- tations in mitochondrial/nuclear DNA genes, oxidative stress, impaired redox mechanisms, and regulation of mitochondrial dynamics have been found to cause mito- chondrial dysfunction. At the same time, the permeabil- ity of mitochondrial membranes changes, the influx of calcium ions increases, as a result of which the mem- brane potential shifts, oxidation processes become more intense, a large number of reactive oxygen species are formed, oxidative phosphorylation is disrupted, and the process of neuronal apoptosis starts. Mitochondrial dys- function is a common pathogenetic mechanism of Alz- heimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's chorea, epilepsy, schizophrenia, etc. Discoveries and advances in molecular genetics have increased our understanding of the early pathology of mitochondrial disorders, enabled disease modeling, and provided entirely new perspectives on molecular pathogenesis. It is necessary that this research continues and then, in the near future, it will help develop the search for possible ways to treat the diseases that people suffer from.

Keywords : Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neurodegenerative And Mental Diseases, Mtdna Mutations, Oxidative Stress.

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The review analyzed articles from the Pub- Med database mainly from the last 10 years, indicating the role of mitochondria in the development of diseases of the central nervous system and mental disorders. Mu- tations in mitochondrial/nuclear DNA genes, oxidative stress, impaired redox mechanisms, and regulation of mitochondrial dynamics have been found to cause mito- chondrial dysfunction. At the same time, the permeabil- ity of mitochondrial membranes changes, the influx of calcium ions increases, as a result of which the mem- brane potential shifts, oxidation processes become more intense, a large number of reactive oxygen species are formed, oxidative phosphorylation is disrupted, and the process of neuronal apoptosis starts. Mitochondrial dys- function is a common pathogenetic mechanism of Alz- heimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's chorea, epilepsy, schizophrenia, etc. Discoveries and advances in molecular genetics have increased our understanding of the early pathology of mitochondrial disorders, enabled disease modeling, and provided entirely new perspectives on molecular pathogenesis. It is necessary that this research continues and then, in the near future, it will help develop the search for possible ways to treat the diseases that people suffer from.

Keywords : Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neurodegenerative And Mental Diseases, Mtdna Mutations, Oxidative Stress.

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