Authors : Jehara C. Mabinongcal

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 6 - June

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/mvje2thz

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/3vu84595

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26jun1284

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) plays a significant role in developing learners’ technical, vocational, entrepreneurial, and life skills in the Philippine K–12 curriculum. However, the continuous revision of the TLE curriculum presents implementation challenges, particularly in schools with inadequate instructional resources. This systematic review examines existing literature on the challenges encountered by TLE teachers in implementing the evolving curriculum, with particular emphasis on the availability of tools and equipment. Relevant studies published between 2020 and 2025 were gathered from scholarly databases, government reports, and peer-reviewed journals. The review synthesizes findings under four major themes: curriculum change and teacher adaptation, availability of tools and equipment, instructional challenges in practical learning, and teacher preparedness and professional development. Findings reveal that insufficient tools and equipment remain among the most persistent barriers to effective curriculum implementation. These shortages limit hands-on learning opportunities, reduce the attainment of learning competencies, and increase teachers’ reliance on improvised instructional strategies. Additionally, inadequate training and limited institutional support further hinder teachers’ capacity to respond to curriculum reforms. The review highlights significant gaps in localized studies examining the relationship between teacher characteristics and the extent of implementation challenges. The findings underscore the need for increased resource allocation, strengthened teacher training programs, and evidence-based interventions to improve TLE curriculum implementation in rural schools.

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