ROP is a significant contributor to infant blindness that could be avoided by early detection of retinal damage and the implementation of suitable treatment. It is thought to be responsible for 6-18% of childhood blindness in industrialised nations, and up to 10% at the Royal Blind School of Edinburgh. In the past ten years, improvements in neonatal care have increased the survival statistics for premature infants, and the prevalence of ROP has risen concurrently. Five stages of ROP are subtotal retinal detachment, total retinal detachment in stage 5, a faint demarcation line in stage 1, an elevated ridge in stage 2, extraretinal fibro vascular tissue in stage 3, and plus disease in stage 2. This study evaluated the occurrence and risk factors for the development of Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a tertiary care hospital located in Hyderabad, India. The Hyderabad Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) served as the site of this retrospective and prospective observational research. Neonates were included if they were born at or below 34 weeks' gestation and weighed no more than 1750 g. ROP was observed 47% of the time overall in the research, and type I ROP was 25% common. The outborn nature of the unit, the small sample size, the late arrival of sick preterm neonates, and the loss of the usual golden first hour of management of these small neonates may be responsible for the higher incidence of ROP in our research. Another significant factor might be the cohort's almost total absence of antenatal steroids.

Keywords : ROP Incidence, Childhood Blindness, Oxygen, Retina, Born.