Authors : Dr. Vijay. G. Somannavar; Dr. Prathamesh Pundlik Powalkar

Volume/Issue : Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 8 - August

---

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/bdee5tn6

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/ytjvpaue

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24AUG183

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

---

Abstract : A very common infectious disease but still emerging as extensive resistant known as resistant typhoid fever, caused by gram negative Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi(S.Typhi). This bacteria invades human cells by evading host defence system with the help of virulence plasmids and clustered genes called as salmonella pathogenicity islands(SPIs).These factor help bacteria to bind with plasmid mediated antimicrobial resistance gene and enable bacterium to become resistant strain or extensively resistant. After usage of multiple drugs for enteric fever made us to introduce tetracycline as last resort drug.

References :

1. Britto CD, Wong VK, Dougan G, Pollard AJ. A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the etiological agent of typhoid. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2018 Oct 11;12(10):e0006779.
2. Butler T, Linh NN, Arnold K, Adickman MD, Chau DM, Muoi MM. Therapy of antimicrobial-resistant typhoid fever. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1977 Apr;11(4):645-50.
3. Pustake M, Giri P, Tambolkar S, Nayak S. Extensively drug-resistant typhoid fever: A call to action. Indian Journal of Community Medicine. 2022 Jan 1;47(1):153-4.
4. Rahman M, Siddique AK, Shoma S, Rashid H, Salam MA, Ahmed QS, Nair GB, Breiman RF. Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi with decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility in Bangladesh. Epidemiology & Infection. 2006 Apr;134(2):433-8.
5. Khan M, Shamim S. Understanding the Mechanism of Antimicrobial Resistance and Pathogenesis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. Microorganisms. 2022; 10 (10): 2006.