Authors :
Natalia C. Giordana Caffarone Klausen
Volume/Issue :
Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 7 - July
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/ymj5tpjh
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/yyvrmx95
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUL1108
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
This study re-examines the life and works of
Leo Tolstoy, one of the most influential Russian writers,
through the integrated lenses of Critical Race Theory
(CRT) and feminist theory, employing a social
constructivist approach. By analysing Tolstoy's
significant works, including "War and Peace" and "Anna
Karenina," this research explores how his narratives
address the intersectionality of race, gender, and class. By
critically examining characters such as Natasha Rostov,
Anna Karenina, and various marginalised figures, the
study uncovers Tolstoy's critique of his time's social
constructs and power dynamics. This Analysis highlights
Tolstoy's progressive empathy for the oppressed and the
complexity of his portrayal of women and ethnic
minorities. Furthermore, it discusses the contemporary
relevance of his work in understanding and addressing
ongoing social injustices. By situating Tolstoy's literary
contributions within the frameworks of CRT and feminist
theory, this research offers new insights into the enduring
significance of his critique of systemic inequalities,
emphasising the importance of intersectional perspectives
in literary studies.
References :
- Anwar, N. (2013). "Revisiting Anna Karenina: A Feminist Approach." Journal of Research (Humanities), vol. 49, pp. 119-136.
- Bartlett, R. (2011). “Tolstoy: A Russian Life”. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
- Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). “The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge”. Anchor Books.
- Bryson, V. (2019). Feminism. In Contemporary Political Ideologies. https://doi.org/10.4324/ 9780429038839-9
- Carbado, D. W. (2013), et al. “Intersectionality: Mapping the Movements of a Theory”. NYU Press.
- Cline, C. G. (2019). “Feminist theory. In An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research”, Third Edition. https://doi.org/10.4324/ 9780203710753-40
- Collins, P. H. (2000). “Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment”. Routledge.
- Collins, P. H., and Sirma B. (2016). “Intersectionality”. Polity Press.
- Crenshaw, K. (1995), et al. “Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement”. The New Press.
- Crenshaw, K., Gotanda, N., Peller, G., & Thomas, K. (1995). “Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement”. The New Press.
- Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2017). “Critical Race Theory: An Introduction”. NYU Press.
- Hooks, B. (2000) “Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center”. South End Press.
- Eikhenbaum, B. (1982). “Tolstoy in the Seventies”. Ardis Publishers.
- Farnsworth, B. (1976). "Tolstoy's Women." Russian Review, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 27-44.
- Gergen, K. J. (2009). “An Invitation to Social Construction”. SAGE Publications.
- Gubar, S. and Sandra M. G. (2000). “The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination”. Yale University Press.
- JSTOR: [www.jstor.org](https://www.jstor.org) - Access to scholarly articles and journals.
- Lee, J. Y., & Lee, S. J. (2018). “Caring is masculine: Stay-at-home fathers and masculine identity”.
- Maude, A. (1987). “The Life of Tolstoy: First Fifty Years”. Oxford University Press.
- McCall, L. (2005). "The Complexity of Intersectionality." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 1771-1800.
- Project Gutenberg: [www.gutenberg.org] (https://www.gutenberg.org) - Access to public domain works by Leo Tolstoy.
- Senese, D. J. (1971). "The Social and Political Thought of Leo Tolstoy." The Review of Politics, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 192-211.
- Simmons, E. J. (2014). “Leo Tolstoy”. Routledge. The Internet Archive: [www.archive.org] (https://www.archive.org) - Access to a vast library of digital texts, including works by and about Tolstoy.
- Tolstoy, L. (2007). “War and Peace” (R. Pevear & L. Volokhonsky, Trans.). Vintage Classics.
- Tolstoy, L. (2007). “War and Peace”. Translated by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, Vintage Classics.
- Tolstoy, L. (2002). “Anna Karenina”. Translated by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, Penguin Classics.
- Tolstoy, L. (2009). “Resurrection”. Translated by Anthony Briggs, Penguin Classics.
- Tolstoy, L. (2003). “The Kingdom of God Is Within You”. Translated by Constance Garnett, Project Gutenberg.
This study re-examines the life and works of
Leo Tolstoy, one of the most influential Russian writers,
through the integrated lenses of Critical Race Theory
(CRT) and feminist theory, employing a social
constructivist approach. By analysing Tolstoy's
significant works, including "War and Peace" and "Anna
Karenina," this research explores how his narratives
address the intersectionality of race, gender, and class. By
critically examining characters such as Natasha Rostov,
Anna Karenina, and various marginalised figures, the
study uncovers Tolstoy's critique of his time's social
constructs and power dynamics. This Analysis highlights
Tolstoy's progressive empathy for the oppressed and the
complexity of his portrayal of women and ethnic
minorities. Furthermore, it discusses the contemporary
relevance of his work in understanding and addressing
ongoing social injustices. By situating Tolstoy's literary
contributions within the frameworks of CRT and feminist
theory, this research offers new insights into the enduring
significance of his critique of systemic inequalities,
emphasising the importance of intersectional perspectives
in literary studies.