Whipple Procedure: A Surgical Challenge


Authors : Dr. Pratik Dash; Dr. Mihir Dungrani; Dr. J.G. Bhatt; Dr. J.G. Vagadiya

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 5 - May


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/4k3sa5mx

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25may529

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Abstract : The Whipple procedure, also known as pancreaticoduodenectomy, is an extensive surgical procedure carried out to manage cases of pancreatic head cancer, periampullary carcinoma, and other lesions, both malignant and benign, involving the pancreas, duodenum, and bile duct. The procedure entails the removal of the pancreatic head, duodenum, gall bladder, and part of the bile duct, often incorporating a partial gastrectomy. This is followed by reconstruction of the gastrointestinal tract to restore continuity. Even though it poses substantial risk to the patient’s wellbeing because of its technical complexity, and carries a high complication rate, it still offers the best cure for resectable tumors of the pancreatic head and adjacent areas, providing the sole chance for prolonged survival in these cases. Improvement in surgical access, perioperative care, and patient stratification have greatly enhanced results over the years.

Keywords : Pancreatic Duodenectomy, Pseudo-Papillary Neoplasm.

References :

  1. Are C, Dhir M, Ravipati L. History of pancreaticoduodenectomy: early misconceptions, initial milestones and the pioneers. HPB (Oxford). 2011 Jun;13(6):377-84. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
  2. Kimura W, Miyata H, Gotoh M, Hirai I, Kenjo A, Kitagawa Y, Shimada M, Baba H, Tomita N, Nakagoe T, Sugihara K, Mori M. A pancreaticoduodenectomy risk model derived from 8575 cases from a national single-race population (Japanese) using a web-based data entry system: the 30-day and in-hospital mortality rates for pancreaticoduodenectomy. Ann Surg. 2014 Apr;259(4):773-80. [PubMed]
  3. Zhou Y, Wang X, Si X, Wang S, Cai Z. Surgery for duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A systematic review and meta-analysis of pancreaticoduodenectomy versus local resection. Asian J Surg. 2020 Jan;43(1):1-8. [PubMed]
  4. Rios G, Conrad A, Cole D, Adams D, Leveen M, O'Brien P, Baron P. Trends in indications and outcomes in the Whipple procedure over a 40-year period. Am Surg. 1999 Sep;65(9):889-93. [PubMed]
  5. Mullapudi B, Hawkes PJ, Patel A, Are C, Misra S. Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. Indian J Surg Oncol. 2015 Mar;6(1):63-68. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

The Whipple procedure, also known as pancreaticoduodenectomy, is an extensive surgical procedure carried out to manage cases of pancreatic head cancer, periampullary carcinoma, and other lesions, both malignant and benign, involving the pancreas, duodenum, and bile duct. The procedure entails the removal of the pancreatic head, duodenum, gall bladder, and part of the bile duct, often incorporating a partial gastrectomy. This is followed by reconstruction of the gastrointestinal tract to restore continuity. Even though it poses substantial risk to the patient’s wellbeing because of its technical complexity, and carries a high complication rate, it still offers the best cure for resectable tumors of the pancreatic head and adjacent areas, providing the sole chance for prolonged survival in these cases. Improvement in surgical access, perioperative care, and patient stratification have greatly enhanced results over the years.

Keywords : Pancreatic Duodenectomy, Pseudo-Papillary Neoplasm.

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