Why an Alignment of Hypothesis-Formulation and Theorization with Cultural and Cross-Cultural Frames of Reference is Required: A Rough Guide to Better Hypothesis-Formulation and Theorization


Authors : Sujay Rao Mandavilli

Volume/Issue : Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 6 - June

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/38c4krzd

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/2s3w89z8

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUN620

Abstract : In this paper, we proposition and champion the idea that theorization and hypothesis building, both of which form an intrinsic and a crucial part of formal scientific method, must be linked and tied to the concepts of cultural frame of reference, and cross-cultural frames of reference, two concepts that we had mooted in our previous papers. This approach, we argue, is necessary, in order that scientific concepts be better grasped and more thoroughly understood by the masses, and by the common public. We therefore, present a brief recapitulation of these two concepts besides introducing, and briefly explaining the twin ideas and the twin concepts of ideological frame of reference, and epistemological frame of reference as well. We also recapitulate and overview our earlier concepts of irreducible simplicity, “Continuous zero-based reassessment of assumptions, hypotheses and methods”, and structured apperception tests for socio- cultural change, and integrate them into the tenets of this paper. Last but not the least, we explain how all these concepts can lead to a percolation of scientific ideas, and a scientific temper among the masses, and lead us to what we have always called, “scientific progress at the speed of light.” These approaches and techniques must be followed as far as practically possible, and exceptions justified on a case to case basis.

References :

[1].    Towards scientific apperception tests for twenty-first century social sciences research: Formulating ‘Structured apperception techniques for socio-cultural change’ in twenty-first century social sciences research Sujay Rao Mandavilli IJISRT June 2023
[2].    Advancing the use of “Continuous zero-based reassessment of assumptions, hypotheses and methods”: A vital tool and technique in the interests of better science Sujay Rao Mandavilli IJISRT, February 2024
[3].    Conceptualizing ‘Cultural Frames of Reference’ and ‘Cross-cultural Frames of Reference’ for various cultures and societies: Employing these concepts to bring about social and cultural change in different societies, Sujay Rao Mandavilli, IJISRT, September 2023 
[4].      Orchestrating “Irreducible simplicity” in science and science communication: Positioning “irreducible simplicity” as a vital guiding principle for effective and bona fide science Sujay Rao Mandavilli IJISRT, February 2024
[5].      Eisenhardt, K. M., & Graebner, M. E. (2007). Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges. Academy of management journal, 50(1), 25-32
[6].      Zima, Peter V. (2007). "What is theory? Cultural theory as discourse and dialogue". London: Continuum (translated from: Was ist Theorie? Theoriebegriff und Dialogische Theorie in der Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften. Tübingen: A. Franke Verlag, 2004)
[7].      Articulating comprehensive frameworks on socio-cultural change: Perceptions of social and cultural change in contemporary Twenty-first century Anthropology from a ‘Neo-centrist’ perspective Published in ELK Asia Pacific Journal of Social Sciences Volume 3, Number 4 (July 2017 – September 2017) Sujay Rao Mandavilli
[8].      The relevance of Culture and Personality Studies, National Character Studies, Cultural Determinism and Cultural Diffusion in Twenty-first Century Anthropology: An assessment of their compatibility with Symbiotic models of Socio-cultural change ELK Asia Pacific Journal of Social Science Volume 4, Issue 2, 2018 Sujay Rao Mandavilli
[9].      Hilborn, Ray; Mangel, Marc (1997). The ecological detective: confronting models with data. Princeton University Press. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-691-03497-3
[10].      Wilbur R. Knorr, "Construction as existence proof in ancient geometry", p. 125, as selected by Jean Christianidis (ed.), Classics in the history of Greek mathematics, Kluwer.
[11].      Popper, Karl R. (1959), The Logic of Scientific Discovery 1934, 1959
[12].      Paul Tibbetts, Tomas Kulka, J N Hattiangadi, "Feyerabend's 'Against Method': The Case for Methodological Pluralism", Philosophy of the Social Sciences 7:3 (1977), 265–275. DOI 10.1177/004839317700700306
[13].      Bauer, Henry H., Scientific Literacy and the Myth of the Scientific Method, University of Illinois Press, Champaign, IL, 1992
[14].      Beveridge, William I.B., The Art of Scientific Investigation, Heinemann, Melbourne, Australia, 1950.
[15].      Kovalevsky, J.; Mueller, Ivan I. (1989). "Introduction". Reference Frames. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 154. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
[16].      The relevance of Culture and Personality Studies, National Character Studies, Cultural Determinism and Cultural Diffusion in Twenty-first Century Anthropology: As assessment of their compatibility with Symbiotic models of Socio-cultural change ELK Asia Pacific Journal of Social Science Volume 4, Issue 2, 2018
[17].      Articulating comprehensive frameworks on socio-cultural change: Perceptions of social and cultural change in contemporary Twenty-first century Anthropology from a ‘Neo-centrist’ perspective Published in ELK Asia Pacific Journal of Social Sciences Volume 3, Number 4 (July 2017 – September 2017)
[18].      Unveiling the Sociological Ninety-ten rules for Social Sciences research: Towards better hypothesis formulation in the Social Sciences in the interests of higher quality research and intellectual multi-polarity Sujay Rao Mandavilli Published in IJISRT, February 2023
[19].      Enunciating the Core principles of Twenty-first Century Historiography: Some additional extrapolations and inferences from our studies and observations on Historiography Sujay Rao Mandavilli ELK Asia Pacific Journal of Social Science (ISSN: 2394-9392) in Volume 2, Issue 4 July to September 2016
[20].      Annis, David (1978). "A Contextualist Theory of Epistemic Justification". American Philosophical Quarterly. 15: 213–219
[21].    [  BonJour, Laurence. 2002. Epistemology: Classic Problems and Contemporary Responses. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
[22].      Research Methodology: Methods and techniques: Second revised edition, CR Kothari, New Age publishers 
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In this paper, we proposition and champion the idea that theorization and hypothesis building, both of which form an intrinsic and a crucial part of formal scientific method, must be linked and tied to the concepts of cultural frame of reference, and cross-cultural frames of reference, two concepts that we had mooted in our previous papers. This approach, we argue, is necessary, in order that scientific concepts be better grasped and more thoroughly understood by the masses, and by the common public. We therefore, present a brief recapitulation of these two concepts besides introducing, and briefly explaining the twin ideas and the twin concepts of ideological frame of reference, and epistemological frame of reference as well. We also recapitulate and overview our earlier concepts of irreducible simplicity, “Continuous zero-based reassessment of assumptions, hypotheses and methods”, and structured apperception tests for socio- cultural change, and integrate them into the tenets of this paper. Last but not the least, we explain how all these concepts can lead to a percolation of scientific ideas, and a scientific temper among the masses, and lead us to what we have always called, “scientific progress at the speed of light.” These approaches and techniques must be followed as far as practically possible, and exceptions justified on a case to case basis.

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