Authors : Junnin Gay L. Garay; Jesciel Sky Collin E. Manga; Nordian A. Mapantas; Janenah I. Mindalano; Jezreel P. Montuya; Roselle L. Remulta

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 7 - July

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/y6tv55ns

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/4m3wynck

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25jul950

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Note : Google Scholar may take 30 to 40 days to display the article.

Abstract : Wound healing is a crucial aspect of healthcare, particularly for individuals with chronic wounds or those at risk of infection and delayed tissue repair. Conventional treatments, including antiseptics and synthetic medications, can be costly, less accessible in low-resource settings, and may cause side effects. As a result, there is growing interest in plant-based alternatives with traditional medicinal applications. Citrus maxima (pomelo), from the Rutaceae family, is traditionally used for various therapeutic purposes. Its leaves contain phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. These attributes may enhance wound healing by promoting tissue regeneration, reducing infection, and controlling inflammation. This study investigates the wound-healing activity of a 50% methanolic leaf extract of C. maxima formulated into cream and ointment preparations. A full-thickness excision wound model was used in male albino mice. The test groups were compared to a negative control (petroleum jelly) and a positive control (10% povidone-iodine). Safety of the formulations was evaluated following OECD 402 acute dermal toxicity guidelines. Results showed that the 50% C. maxima ointment group achieved the most rapid wound healing, with complete closure observed by Day 14. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) for wound contraction was lowest in this group (97.6 mm2·days), compared to 109.3 mm2·days for the positive control and 187.1 mm2·days for negative control. Statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test revealed significant improvement over the negative control and comparable efficacy to the standard treatment. These findings highlight C. maxima’s potential as a safe, effective, and accessible natural agent for wound healing.

Keywords : Citrus Maxima, Pomelo, Wound Healing, Methanolic Extract, Cream, Ointment, Albino Mice.

References :

1. Akhtar B, Ashraf M, Saleem A, Murtaza G. 2020. Effects of Citrus maxima flavonoids on wound healing in animal models. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 246:112-118. Available from: https://www.science direct.com/science/article/pii/S0 37887412030031X
2. Cherukuri S, Paramanayagam A, Prabakaran R, Mayakannan M, Vuppalapati L. 2023. Evaluation of tannins in Citrus maxima for wound healing. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 16(1):250-254. Available from: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView .aspx?PID=2023-16-1-46.
3. Halim A.S., Khoo, T.L., Mat Saad, A.Z. 2022. Stem cell therapies in chronic wound healing: Clinical applications and future perspectives. Frontiers in Medicine. Available from: [https://doi.org/10.3389 /fmed.2022.776142](https://doi.org/10. 3389/fmed.20 22.77614 2.)
4. Hasan F., Ayaz, S., Shah, A.A., Hameed, A. 2019. Biological properties of bioactive compounds derived from Citrus species. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. Available from: [https://doi.org/10. 1002/term.2879](https://doi.org /10.1002/term.2879)
5. Sabah A, Shah A, Tanwir S, Arsalan A, Malik A, Ahmad I. 2020. Light transmission properties of pharmaceutical liquid bottles and evaluation of their photoprotective efficacy. Pak J Pharm Sci [Internet]. [cited 2024 Nov 26]; Available from: https://www.s emanticscholar.org/paper/9ca92f0379c5c13a790f3509754d11e63f0736a
6. Sapkota B, Devkota HP, Poudel P. 2022. Citrus maxima (Brum.) Merr. (Rutaceae): Bioactive chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8741669
7. Telfah S. 2020. Phytochemical extraction and their role in plant studies [Internet]. Philadelphia (PA): Philadelphia University; [place unknown]: [publisher unknown]. Available from: https://www.philadelphia .edu.jo/academics/s_telfah/uploa ds/method%20of%2 0extraction.pdf
8. Williams CJ. 2021. Understanding infection's role in delayed wound healing: prevention and treatment strategies. Wound Practice and Research [Internet]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/ NBK518964
9. Zhao Y, Yu J, Liu L, Wei F, He C, Kang X. 2019. Potential therapeutic and antibacterial properties of essential oils from Citrus maxima (Pomelo). J Ethnopharmacol. Available from: https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jep.2018.06.022