Zinc oxide Nanoparticles in Sunscreens: A Realistic Understanding of Their Behavior and Long-Term Exposure in Aquatic Environments


Authors : Khalil Ullah; Muhammad Waleed Ahmad; Zulqarnain Ahmad; Muhammad Usama Bin Ubaid; Muhammad Moeen Razzaq

Volume/Issue : Volume 8 - 2023, Issue 6 - June

Google Scholar : https://bit.ly/3TmGbDi

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/3he5nha3

DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8189120

Abstract : Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are not a result of the rising demand for sunscreens being introduced into aquatic environments. However, their realistic behavior and long-term exposure still need to be comprehended. A practical and rapid method was employed in this study to extract "ZnO nanoparticles" from sunscreen products with "ZnO" bases that are sold in Australia, which were then transported to wastewater. The "ZnO nanoparticles" were separated and had a negative charge at a controlled pH of 7. The TEM" assessment of nanoparticles separated from sunscreens and wastewater revealed that these aggregates had a size of around 100 nm and were irregular, spherical, and rod-shaped. "Zinc oxide, iron, silver, and titanium" were among the numerous nanoparticles discovered in wastewater samples from treatment facilities. Furthermore, based on TEM" elemental analysis, additional pollutants were present in the treated water samples. These results are useless in comprehending the identification and characterization of "ZnO nanoparticles" in sunscreens and wastewater. They, therefore, cannot support a more accurate investigation of their destiny, behavior, and negative impacts.

Keywords : Zinc oxide, Nanoparticles, Sunscreens, Aquatic Environments.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are not a result of the rising demand for sunscreens being introduced into aquatic environments. However, their realistic behavior and long-term exposure still need to be comprehended. A practical and rapid method was employed in this study to extract "ZnO nanoparticles" from sunscreen products with "ZnO" bases that are sold in Australia, which were then transported to wastewater. The "ZnO nanoparticles" were separated and had a negative charge at a controlled pH of 7. The TEM" assessment of nanoparticles separated from sunscreens and wastewater revealed that these aggregates had a size of around 100 nm and were irregular, spherical, and rod-shaped. "Zinc oxide, iron, silver, and titanium" were among the numerous nanoparticles discovered in wastewater samples from treatment facilities. Furthermore, based on TEM" elemental analysis, additional pollutants were present in the treated water samples. These results are useless in comprehending the identification and characterization of "ZnO nanoparticles" in sunscreens and wastewater. They, therefore, cannot support a more accurate investigation of their destiny, behavior, and negative impacts.

Keywords : Zinc oxide, Nanoparticles, Sunscreens, Aquatic Environments.

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