Authors :
Elaiza Marie D. Jubac; Khianna Fe P. Abadilla; Jasper Jade M. Martije; Pearl Joy A. Orongan; Leona Dhar G. Taganait; Dr. Jandy T. Bongcayat; Gretchen C. Tajaran; Jeanverly Grethel M. Mantilla; Roland Felix Jr. B. Payos
Volume/Issue :
Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 11 - November
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/mr27etnw
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/5bwhsmjp
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25nov1476
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
This study examined the relationship between parenting styles and academic performance among first-year BSED-
English students. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 106 respondents through complete
enumeration. Statistical analysis revealed a high positive correlation between parenting styles and academic performance,
indicating that students who perceived highly demanding yet responsive parenting tended to perform better academically,
while permissive and authoritarian styles were linked to poorer outcomes. Findings also highlighted weaknesses in students’
study skills, emphasizing the need to strengthen effective parenting and learning practices. Given these results, educators
should integrate study-skills training—such as time management, note-taking, and self-testing—into classroom instruction.
Academic institutions are encouraged to foster family-school partnerships through parenting seminars and teacher
development programs that promote authoritative approaches. Parents should balance structure with emotional support,
while students are encouraged to develop discipline, resilience, and effective study routines. Guidance counselors may design
interventions that enhance motivation, self-efficacy, and emotional regulation. Future researchers should further explore
parenting styles that directly enhance students’ study skills.
Keywords :
Education, Parenting Styles, Academic Performance, Descriptive-Correlational Design, Statistical Analysis, Study Habits, Philippines.
References :
- Abrol, H. S. (2021). Statistics: Self-learning material for B.A. Semester IV (Course code: ST 404). Directorate of Distance Education, University of Jammu. https://www.distanceeducationju.in/pdf/Statistic%20404.pdf
- Akpur, U. (2023). Creativity and academic achievement: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Education Studies, 10(2), Article 207. https://doi.org/10.19044/ejes.v10no2a207
- Al Husaini, Y., & Ahmad Shukor, N. S. (2023, January 7). Factors affecting students' academic performance: A review. Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12, 284–294. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367360842_Factors_Affecting_Students'_Academic_Performance_A_review
- Alhadabi, A., & Karpinski, A. C. (2019). Grit, self-efficacy, achievement orientation goals, and academic performance in university students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 519–535. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1679202
- Anderson, C. (2024). What is study skills? Focus Keeper. https://focuskeeper.co/glossary/what-is-study-skills
- Arcay, N. M., Jr, Calope, R. M. L., & Libot, B. D. (2019). Parenting styles in relation to self-esteem and school performance of senior high students. University of Bohol Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 7(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.15631/ubmrj.v7i1.121
- Babu, P. V. (2015). Parental involvement in education and its impact on the academic performance of students: A study of secondary school students in Hyderabad. Educational Research International, 3(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.12785/eri/030201
- Bai, Y., Xie, L., & Chen, L. (2022). Parental neglect and academic underachievement: A study of adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Psychology, 55(3), 302-317. https://doi.org/10.1002/jadp.1245
- Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice-Hall. https://www.asecib.ase.ro/mps/Bandura_SocialLearningTheory.pdf
- Barrow, J. M. (2022, September 18). Research ethics. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459281/
- Barrow, R., Colby, T., & Lang, W. (2022). Ethics in academic research: A practical guide for researchers. Journal of Academic Ethics, 18(4), 256-271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-022-09432-4
- Bation, M., Miranda, F., Guillermo, C. J., Montilla, M. A., & Nomura, N. (2024, August 14). The effect of parenting styles to academic performance of Grade 12 HUMSS students. AA Research Index. https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/aajmrcp/article/view/14316
- Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37(4), 887–907. Retrieved from https://arowe.pbworks.com/f/baumrind_1966_parenting.pdf
- Biwer, F., de Bruin, A., & Persky, A. (2023). Study smart: Impact of a learning strategy training on students' study behavior and academic performance. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 28(1), 147–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-022-10149-z
- Bluman, A. G. (2009). Elementary statistics: A step-by-step approach. McGraw-Hill. https://thelifesaversblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/elementary-statistics-7e.pdf
- Brew, S., Seitz, R., & McCleary, T. (2021). Assessing academic success and its societal impacts: A review of educational research. Educational Policy and Research Journal, 40(5), 51-67. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158851X21985325
- Buri, J. R. (1989). An instrument for the measurement of parental authority prototypes (Report No. ED306471). ERIC. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED306471.pdf
- Cardino, E., & Ortega-Dela Cruz, R. (2020). Academic underachievement and its long-term effects on career and life success. Journal of Career Development, 47(6), 524-538. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2042-1023.2020.0122
- Cherry, K. (2023). Authoritative parenting: Characteristics and benefits. Verywell Family. https://www.verywellfamily.com/authoritative-parenting-2803495
- Chutia, N., Basumatary, S., & Rani, S. (2024). Parenting styles and academic performance: A comparative study. Asian Journal of Psychology, 21(1), 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2023.02.004
- Elango, M., & Manimozhi, G. (2021). Meta-analysis of study habits and academic achievement. Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities, 8(4), 139–145. https://doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i4.3722
- Evans, R. (2023). Strong academic performance and career success. Journal of Educational Success, 31(4), 412-428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12356-023-09443-2
- Frontiers in Education. (2022). Low academic performance significantly increases students’ stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, adversely impacting their cognitive functioning, motivation, and ability to engage in academic tasks. Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.851451
- Fute, A., Oubibi, M., Sun, B., Zhou, Y., Bassiri, M., & Chen, G. (2024). Parenting for success: Exploring the link between parenting styles and adolescents’ academic achievement through their learning engagement. SAGE Open, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241255176
- George, E. (2024, July 14). What is a Likert Scale? Definition, Types, and Examples | Researcher.Life. https://researcher.life/blog/article/what-is-a-likert-scale-definition-types-and-examples/#:~:text=Likert%20scale%20definition:%20A%20Likert,%2C%202%20=%20agree%2C%20etc.
- Hawthorne, A. (2021). Understanding motivation in education: Theories and applications. Educational Psychology Review, 13(1), 32-56. From https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09563-w
- Hayek, J., Schneider, F., Lahoud, N., Tueni, M., & de Vries, H. (2022). Authoritative parenting stimulates academic achievement, also partly via self-efficacy and intention towards getting good grades. PLOS ONE, 17(3), e0265595. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265595
- Khuisaini, D. A., Lim, S., & McCann, J. (2022). The role of academic performance in shaping future careers. Journal of Career Development and Success, 34(2), 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcds.2022.06.001
- Lamichhane, K., Kachapati, A., Bhandari, S., Bhattarai, S., Vaidya, G., Shrestha, S., & Rawal, S. (2023). Relationship between parenting styles and academic performance among adolescents in selected schools of Rupandehi. Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences, 11(2), 45–49. https://doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v11i02.58062
- Mappadang, M. R., Loresco, S. C., & Ruiz, J. T. (2022). Academic performance and the role of family in student success. Journal of Education and Learning, 12(3), 215-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-02875-9
- Mundy, L. K., Canterford, L., Moreno-Betancur, M., Hoq, M., Viner, R. M., Bayer, J. K., Lietz, P., Redmond, G., & Patton, G. C. (2022). Learning outcomes in primary school children with emotional problems: A prospective cohort study. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 28(3), 377–384. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12607
- Mustieles, V., D'Cruz, S.C., Couderq, S., Rodríguez-Carrillo, A., Fini, J.-B., Hofer, T., Steffensen, I.-L., Dirven, H., Barouki, R., Olea, N., Fernández, M.F., David, A., (2020). Bisphenol A and its analogues: a comprehensive review to 21 identify and prioritize effect biomarkers for human biomonitoring. Retrieved from https://doi. org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105811.
- Nawaz, M. S., Sabahat, N., Ishtiaq, A., & Bushra, M. (2024). Impact of parenting style on academic achievement, emotional intelligence, and self-esteem among university students in Southern Punjab. Journal of Policy Research, 5(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.61506/02.00321
- Nerona, J. A. (2021). Parenting and its impact on Filipino college students' motivation and academic satisfaction. Journal of Higher Education, 42(4), 370-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2021.01.004
- Nerona, R. R. (2020). Parenting, major choice motivation, and academic major satisfaction among Filipino college students: A self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Career Assessment, 29(2), 205–220. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072720941269
- Nisrofah, S. (2023). Examining the influence of permissive parenting on student motivation for learning. Tadibia Islamika, 3(1), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.28918/tadibia.v3i1.346
- Ragnarsdottir, A. M., Petursdottir, G., & Snorradottir, G. (2016). The impact of academic underperformance on student motivation and engagement. Educational Psychology International, 29(1), 25-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2016.1187582
- Rone, N. A., Guao, N. A. A., Jariol, M. S. Jr., Acedillo, N. B., Balinton, K. R., & Francisco, J. O. (2023). Students’ lack of interest, motivation in learning, and classroom participation: How to motivate them? Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 7, 636–645. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7749977
- Royal Roads University. (2024, November 12). Learning skills. https://libguides.royalroads.ca/learningskills
- Saidi, S. S., & Siew, N. M. (2019). Investigating the validity and reliability of the Survey Attitude Towards Statistics instrument among rural secondary school students. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.12973/ijem.5.4.651
- Sanvictores, A., & Mendez, L. (2022). Parenting styles and their effect on academic success: A comparative study. Journal of Educational Sociology, 18(3), 204-218. From https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04613-x
- Singh, A. S., & Masuku, M. B. (2015). Sampling techniques & determination of sample size in applied statistics research: An overview. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2(11). http://ijecm.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/21131.pdf
- Singh, S. (2023, July 20). What is a conceptual framework and how to make it (with examples). Researcher.Life. https://researcher.life/blog/article/what-is-a-conceptual-framework-and-how-to-make-it-with-examples/
- Syukur, A. (2016). Encouraging students to have positive attitudes toward learning English. Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature, 3(2), 122–130. https://doi.org/10.30605/25409190.v3.02.122-130
- Tadese, A. D., Sori, S., & Feleke, T. (2022). Academic achievement and societal development: A systematic review. African Journal of Educational Research, 41(2), 199-213. From https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3601244
- Tameemi, M., Al-Sharqi, D., & Al-Jabri, A. (2022). Academic performance as an indicator of educational outcomes. Journal of Education and Development, 35(2), 145-160. From https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-00462-0
- Trautner, T. (2017, January 19). Permissive parenting style. Michigan State University Extension. https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/permissive_parenting_style
- UCI Office of Research. (2023, October 31). Privacy and Confidentiality. https://research.uci.edu/human-research-protections/research-subjects/privacy-and-confidentiality/
- University of Oxford. (2021, December 2). Informed consent. esearchsupport.admin.ox.ac.uk. https://researchsupport.admin.ox.ac.uk/governance/ethics/resources/consent?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR0jx486WN1VOPzCcf5egNyxktOJsNrTRZGwlGvoFxKgYmCw6wnrikU1lBY_aem_ASPWhfcQhebWqCPYV1wRHO74_1eEPeiPtD47fDzzmERCv0q_-nVBbeHd5bqOeHCspPQA0v0O_MztPKISqB0uRiGy
- Vikaasa. (2024, September 2). Importance of communication skills for students. Vikaasa India. https://vikaasa.org/blog/importance-of-communication-skills-for-students/
- Yasmin, S., & Kiani, A. (2015). Role of parenting styles in academic performance of college students. Pakistan Journal of Education, 30(1). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332543580_ROLE_OF_PARENTING_STYLES_IN_ACADEMIC_PERFORMANCE_OF_COLLEGE_STUDENTS
This study examined the relationship between parenting styles and academic performance among first-year BSED-
English students. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 106 respondents through complete
enumeration. Statistical analysis revealed a high positive correlation between parenting styles and academic performance,
indicating that students who perceived highly demanding yet responsive parenting tended to perform better academically,
while permissive and authoritarian styles were linked to poorer outcomes. Findings also highlighted weaknesses in students’
study skills, emphasizing the need to strengthen effective parenting and learning practices. Given these results, educators
should integrate study-skills training—such as time management, note-taking, and self-testing—into classroom instruction.
Academic institutions are encouraged to foster family-school partnerships through parenting seminars and teacher
development programs that promote authoritative approaches. Parents should balance structure with emotional support,
while students are encouraged to develop discipline, resilience, and effective study routines. Guidance counselors may design
interventions that enhance motivation, self-efficacy, and emotional regulation. Future researchers should further explore
parenting styles that directly enhance students’ study skills.
Keywords :
Education, Parenting Styles, Academic Performance, Descriptive-Correlational Design, Statistical Analysis, Study Habits, Philippines.