Parenting Styles and Academic Performance of First-Year BSED English Students


Authors : Elaiza Marie D. Jubac; Khianna Fe P. Abadilla; Jasper Jade M. Martije; Pearl Joy A. Orongan; Leona Dhar G. Taganait; Dr. Jandy T. Bongcayat; Gretchen C. Tajaran; Jeanverly Grethel M. Mantilla; Roland Felix Jr. B. Payos

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 11 - November


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/mr27etnw

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/5bwhsmjp

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25nov1476

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.


Abstract : This study examined the relationship between parenting styles and academic performance among first-year BSED- English students. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 106 respondents through complete enumeration. Statistical analysis revealed a high positive correlation between parenting styles and academic performance, indicating that students who perceived highly demanding yet responsive parenting tended to perform better academically, while permissive and authoritarian styles were linked to poorer outcomes. Findings also highlighted weaknesses in students’ study skills, emphasizing the need to strengthen effective parenting and learning practices. Given these results, educators should integrate study-skills training—such as time management, note-taking, and self-testing—into classroom instruction. Academic institutions are encouraged to foster family-school partnerships through parenting seminars and teacher development programs that promote authoritative approaches. Parents should balance structure with emotional support, while students are encouraged to develop discipline, resilience, and effective study routines. Guidance counselors may design interventions that enhance motivation, self-efficacy, and emotional regulation. Future researchers should further explore parenting styles that directly enhance students’ study skills.

Keywords : Education, Parenting Styles, Academic Performance, Descriptive-Correlational Design, Statistical Analysis, Study Habits, Philippines.

References :

  1. Abrol, H. S. (2021). Statistics: Self-learning material for B.A. Semester IV (Course code: ST 404). Directorate of Distance Education, University of Jammu. https://www.distanceeducationju.in/pdf/Statistic%20404.pdf
  2. Akpur, U. (2023). Creativity and academic achievement: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Education Studies, 10(2), Article 207. https://doi.org/10.19044/ejes.v10no2a207
  3. Al Husaini, Y., & Ahmad Shukor, N. S. (2023, January 7). Factors affecting students' academic performance: A review. Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12, 284–294. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367360842_Factors_Affecting_Students'_Academic_Performance_A_review
  4. Alhadabi, A., & Karpinski, A. C. (2019). Grit, self-efficacy, achievement orientation goals, and academic performance in university students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 519–535. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1679202
  5. Anderson, C. (2024). What is study skills? Focus Keeper. https://focuskeeper.co/glossary/what-is-study-skills
  6. Arcay, N. M., Jr, Calope, R. M. L., & Libot, B. D. (2019). Parenting styles in relation to self-esteem and school performance of senior high students. University of Bohol Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 7(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.15631/ubmrj.v7i1.121
  7. Babu, P. V. (2015). Parental involvement in education and its impact on the academic performance of students: A study of secondary school students in Hyderabad. Educational Research International, 3(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.12785/eri/030201
  8. Bai, Y., Xie, L., & Chen, L. (2022). Parental neglect and academic underachievement: A study of adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Psychology, 55(3), 302-317. https://doi.org/10.1002/jadp.1245
  9. Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice-Hall. https://www.asecib.ase.ro/mps/Bandura_SocialLearningTheory.pdf
  10. Barrow, J. M. (2022, September 18). Research ethics. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459281/
  11. Barrow, R., Colby, T., & Lang, W. (2022). Ethics in academic research: A practical guide for researchers. Journal of Academic Ethics, 18(4), 256-271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-022-09432-4
  12. Bation, M., Miranda, F., Guillermo, C. J., Montilla, M. A., & Nomura, N. (2024, August 14). The effect of parenting styles to academic performance of Grade 12 HUMSS students. AA Research Index. https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/aajmrcp/article/view/14316
  13. Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37(4), 887–907. Retrieved from https://arowe.pbworks.com/f/baumrind_1966_parenting.pdf
  14. Biwer, F., de Bruin, A., & Persky, A. (2023). Study smart: Impact of a learning strategy training on students' study behavior and academic performance. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 28(1), 147–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-022-10149-z
  15. Bluman, A. G. (2009). Elementary statistics: A step-by-step approach. McGraw-Hill. https://thelifesaversblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/elementary-statistics-7e.pdf
  16. Brew, S., Seitz, R., & McCleary, T. (2021). Assessing academic success and its societal impacts: A review of educational research. Educational Policy and Research Journal, 40(5), 51-67. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158851X21985325
  17. Buri, J. R. (1989). An instrument for the measurement of parental authority prototypes (Report No. ED306471). ERIC. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED306471.pdf
  18. Cardino, E., & Ortega-Dela Cruz, R. (2020). Academic underachievement and its long-term effects on career and life success. Journal of Career Development, 47(6), 524-538. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2042-1023.2020.0122
  19. Cherry, K. (2023). Authoritative parenting: Characteristics and benefits. Verywell Family. https://www.verywellfamily.com/authoritative-parenting-2803495
  20. Chutia, N., Basumatary, S., & Rani, S. (2024). Parenting styles and academic performance: A comparative study. Asian Journal of Psychology, 21(1), 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2023.02.004
  21. Elango, M., & Manimozhi, G. (2021). Meta-analysis of study habits and academic achievement. Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities, 8(4), 139–145. https://doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i4.3722
  22. Evans, R. (2023). Strong academic performance and career success. Journal of Educational Success, 31(4), 412-428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12356-023-09443-2
  23. Frontiers in Education. (2022). Low academic performance significantly increases students’ stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, adversely impacting their cognitive functioning, motivation, and ability to engage in academic tasks. Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.851451
  24. Fute, A., Oubibi, M., Sun, B., Zhou, Y., Bassiri, M., & Chen, G. (2024). Parenting for success: Exploring the link between parenting styles and adolescents’ academic achievement through their learning engagement. SAGE Open, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241255176
  25. George, E. (2024, July 14). What is a Likert Scale? Definition, Types, and Examples | Researcher.Life. https://researcher.life/blog/article/what-is-a-likert-scale-definition-types-and-examples/#:~:text=Likert%20scale%20definition:%20A%20Likert,%2C%202%20=%20agree%2C%20etc.
  26. Hawthorne, A. (2021). Understanding motivation in education: Theories and applications. Educational Psychology Review, 13(1), 32-56. From https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09563-w
  27. Hayek, J., Schneider, F., Lahoud, N., Tueni, M., & de Vries, H. (2022). Authoritative parenting stimulates academic achievement, also partly via self-efficacy and intention towards getting good grades. PLOS ONE, 17(3), e0265595. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265595
  28. Khuisaini, D. A., Lim, S., & McCann, J. (2022). The role of academic performance in shaping future careers. Journal of Career Development and Success, 34(2), 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcds.2022.06.001
  29. Lamichhane, K., Kachapati, A., Bhandari, S., Bhattarai, S., Vaidya, G., Shrestha, S., & Rawal, S. (2023). Relationship between parenting styles and academic performance among adolescents in selected schools of Rupandehi. Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences, 11(2), 45–49. https://doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v11i02.58062
  30. Mappadang, M. R., Loresco, S. C., & Ruiz, J. T. (2022). Academic performance and the role of family in student success. Journal of Education and Learning, 12(3), 215-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-02875-9
  31. Mundy, L. K., Canterford, L., Moreno-Betancur, M., Hoq, M., Viner, R. M., Bayer, J. K., Lietz, P., Redmond, G., & Patton, G. C. (2022). Learning outcomes in primary school children with emotional problems: A prospective cohort study. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 28(3), 377–384. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12607
  32. Mustieles, V., D'Cruz, S.C., Couderq, S., Rodríguez-Carrillo, A., Fini, J.-B., Hofer, T., Steffensen, I.-L., Dirven, H., Barouki, R., Olea, N., Fernández, M.F., David, A., (2020). Bisphenol A and its analogues: a comprehensive review to 21 identify and prioritize effect biomarkers for human biomonitoring. Retrieved from https://doi. org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105811.
  33. Nawaz, M. S., Sabahat, N., Ishtiaq, A., & Bushra, M. (2024). Impact of parenting style on academic achievement, emotional intelligence, and self-esteem among university students in Southern Punjab. Journal of Policy Research, 5(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.61506/02.00321
  34. Nerona, J. A. (2021). Parenting and its impact on Filipino college students' motivation and academic satisfaction. Journal of Higher Education, 42(4), 370-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2021.01.004
  35. Nerona, R. R. (2020). Parenting, major choice motivation, and academic major satisfaction among Filipino college students: A self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Career Assessment, 29(2), 205–220. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072720941269
  36. Nisrofah, S. (2023). Examining the influence of permissive parenting on student motivation for learning. Tadibia Islamika, 3(1), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.28918/tadibia.v3i1.346
  37. Ragnarsdottir, A. M., Petursdottir, G., & Snorradottir, G. (2016). The impact of academic underperformance on student motivation and engagement. Educational Psychology International, 29(1), 25-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2016.1187582
  38. Rone, N. A., Guao, N. A. A., Jariol, M. S. Jr., Acedillo, N. B., Balinton, K. R., & Francisco, J. O. (2023). Students’ lack of interest, motivation in learning, and classroom participation: How to motivate them? Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 7, 636–645. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7749977
  39. Royal Roads University. (2024, November 12). Learning skills. https://libguides.royalroads.ca/learningskills
  40. Saidi, S. S., & Siew, N. M. (2019). Investigating the validity and reliability of the Survey Attitude Towards Statistics instrument among rural secondary school students. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.12973/ijem.5.4.651
  41. Sanvictores, A., & Mendez, L. (2022). Parenting styles and their effect on academic success: A comparative study. Journal of Educational Sociology, 18(3), 204-218.  From https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04613-x
  42. Singh, A. S., & Masuku, M. B. (2015). Sampling techniques & determination of sample size in applied statistics research: An overview. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2(11). http://ijecm.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/21131.pdf
  43. Singh, S. (2023, July 20). What is a conceptual framework and how to make it (with examples). Researcher.Life. https://researcher.life/blog/article/what-is-a-conceptual-framework-and-how-to-make-it-with-examples/
  44. Syukur, A. (2016). Encouraging students to have positive attitudes toward learning English. Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature, 3(2), 122–130. https://doi.org/10.30605/25409190.v3.02.122-130
  45. Tadese, A. D., Sori, S., & Feleke, T. (2022). Academic achievement and societal development: A systematic review. African Journal of Educational Research, 41(2), 199-213. From https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3601244
  46. Tameemi, M., Al-Sharqi, D., & Al-Jabri, A. (2022). Academic performance as an indicator of educational outcomes. Journal of Education and Development, 35(2), 145-160. From https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-00462-0
  47. Trautner, T. (2017, January 19). Permissive parenting style. Michigan State University Extension. https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/permissive_parenting_style​
  48. UCI Office of Research. (2023, October 31). Privacy and Confidentiality. https://research.uci.edu/human-research-protections/research-subjects/privacy-and-confidentiality/
  49. University of Oxford. (2021, December 2). Informed consent. esearchsupport.admin.ox.ac.uk. https://researchsupport.admin.ox.ac.uk/governance/ethics/resources/consent?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR0jx486WN1VOPzCcf5egNyxktOJsNrTRZGwlGvoFxKgYmCw6wnrikU1lBY_aem_ASPWhfcQhebWqCPYV1wRHO74_1eEPeiPtD47fDzzmERCv0q_-nVBbeHd5bqOeHCspPQA0v0O_MztPKISqB0uRiGy
  50. Vikaasa. (2024, September 2). Importance of communication skills for students. Vikaasa India. https://vikaasa.org/blog/importance-of-communication-skills-for-students/
  51. Yasmin, S., & Kiani, A. (2015). Role of parenting styles in academic performance of college students. Pakistan Journal of Education, 30(1). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332543580_ROLE_OF_PARENTING_STYLES_IN_ACADEMIC_PERFORMANCE_OF_COLLEGE_STUDENTS

This study examined the relationship between parenting styles and academic performance among first-year BSED- English students. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 106 respondents through complete enumeration. Statistical analysis revealed a high positive correlation between parenting styles and academic performance, indicating that students who perceived highly demanding yet responsive parenting tended to perform better academically, while permissive and authoritarian styles were linked to poorer outcomes. Findings also highlighted weaknesses in students’ study skills, emphasizing the need to strengthen effective parenting and learning practices. Given these results, educators should integrate study-skills training—such as time management, note-taking, and self-testing—into classroom instruction. Academic institutions are encouraged to foster family-school partnerships through parenting seminars and teacher development programs that promote authoritative approaches. Parents should balance structure with emotional support, while students are encouraged to develop discipline, resilience, and effective study routines. Guidance counselors may design interventions that enhance motivation, self-efficacy, and emotional regulation. Future researchers should further explore parenting styles that directly enhance students’ study skills.

Keywords : Education, Parenting Styles, Academic Performance, Descriptive-Correlational Design, Statistical Analysis, Study Habits, Philippines.

CALL FOR PAPERS


Paper Submission Last Date
31 - January - 2026

Video Explanation for Published paper

Never miss an update from Papermashup

Get notified about the latest tutorials and downloads.

Subscribe by Email

Get alerts directly into your inbox after each post and stay updated.
Subscribe
OR

Subscribe by RSS

Add our RSS to your feedreader to get regular updates from us.
Subscribe