Authors : Dan Horsfall; Kenneth E. Orie; Angela Amachree

Volume/Issue : Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 11 - November

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/zzwhfj3x

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/yk2vh82h

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24NOV915

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Effective relay coordination is critical for ensuring reliable protection and minimizing power disruptions in electrical substations. This study investigates the coordination of overcurrent relays for both primary and backup protection in a medium-voltage substation. The primary objective is to achieve selective tripping, isolating only the faulted section of the network while maintaining the integrity of the unaffected sections. The research addresses common challenges in relay coordination, including improper tripping and relay restraint features. Data was collected from components associated with the Iriebe 33kV injection substation, including the grid, power transformers, cables, and buses, and a Single Line Diagram (SLD) was utilized for analysis. Overcurrent relay coordination was performed using the ETAP Protection Coordination Technique. After simulating fault conditions, miscoordination was observed, which was subsequently addressed through manual calculations of Time Multiplier Setting (TMS) and Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM). The results demonstrated that with optimized relay settings, system coordination was restored, leading to improved protection performance. The study also analyzed the sequence of operation, showing that proper relay coordination enhances substation reliability by reducing outage durations and preventing equipment damage during fault events. This research contributes to the optimization of overcurrent relay settings in medium and high-voltage substations, ensuring more efficient and reliable protection systems.

Keywords : Injection Substation, Overcurrent, Relay Coordination, ETAP, Time Current Curve Fitting, Time Dial setting, Pickup Current.

References :

1. A. H. M. H. Iqbal, A. M. S. A. S. Tarek, and M. A. H. S. Rehan, "Coordination of Overcurrent Protection Relays in Distribution Networks Using Fuzzy Logic," IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 6424-6431, Mar. 2018.
2. R. A. Shoults, J. E. Taylor, and S. M. Braun, "Impact of Overcurrent Relay Coordination on Distribution System Reliability," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1764-1772, Aug. 2014.
3. A. R. Ghanbari, S. M. Islam, and M. R. Alharthi, "A Review of Protection Coordination for Substations Using Overcurrent Relays," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 116, pp. 18-26, Oct. 2015.
4. F. K. Tabrizian and H. R. Baghery, "Optimizing Overcurrent Relay Coordination in Power Distribution Systems," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 350-358, Jan. 2019.
5. Z. Zhou, Y. Liu, and X. Zhang, "Analysis and optimization of voltage regulation in high-voltage injection substations," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 1203-1211, Jul. 2019.
6. A. Simoes, L. S. Pinto, and M. L. V. Soares, "Modeling and control of transformer-based voltage regulation in substations," IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 3456-3467, 2017.
7. X. Wang, H. Chen, and Q. Li, "Reliability assessment of circuit breakers in power substations: A comparative study," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 3150-3158, Aug. 2018.
8. X. Wang, F. Zhang, and S. Li, "Optimal busbar design for high-voltage substations," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 1209-1216, Mar. 2020.
9. X. Zhang, Y. Li, and J. Han, "Intelligent protection for power grids based on artificial intelligence algorithms," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 3532-3541, Sep. 2021.
10. Y. Mei, Z. Xu, and Y. Xie, "Impact of injection substations on grid stability and operation," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 187, p. 106441, Jul. 2021.
11. H. Lu, J. Zhang, and L. Wang, "Modeling and optimization of injection substations for peak load shifting," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 89-96, Jan. 2019.
12. Hussain, B., Sharkh, S. and Hussain S. (2010). "Impact studies of distributed generation on Limiter power quality and protection setup of an existing distribution network", Proc. Int. SPEEDAM,1243-12
13. Paul, D. (2014, Febuary 13). Understanding Time Current Curves.   Maverick Tecnologies: http://www.mavtechglogal.com/understanding-time-current-curves-part-3/
14. Udren, Eric & Kunsman, Steven & Dolezilek, Dave. “Significant substation communication standardization developments.”