Authors : Kahren G. Galindes; Belen L. Dominguiano

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 3 - March

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/yh7wffs6

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/bddbkh5y

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26mar280

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : This study aimed to determine the impact of television viewing on the study habits of intermediate learners at Sta. Magdalena Central School, Sorsogon. Specifically, it sought to: (1) identify the different study habits practices among learners; (2) determine the impact of television viewing on these practices as perceived by parents and teachers; (3) describe parents’ perceptions regarding the regulation of television viewing among learners; and (4) propose an intervention plan to improve study habits through responsible television use. The study utilized the descriptive research method and employed a researcher-made survey questionnaire as the main data-gathering tool. Respondents included 15 teachers and 25 parents of intermediate learners. The data were analyzed using mean, frequency, and ranking. Findings revealed that learners exhibited both positive and negative study behaviors related to television viewing. While educational programs enhanced learners’ note-taking, listening skills, curiosity, and classroom participation, excessive entertainment viewing often led to distraction, unfinished tasks, and poor time management. Parental supervision played a significant role in shaping disciplined viewing habits, with most parents requiring learners to complete schoolwork before watching television and limiting screen time to weekends. The study concluded that television, when guided and moderated, can serve as a valuable educational tool that supports academic growth and positive behavior. Based on the results, an intervention plan was formulated to help parents and teachers promote structured, educational, and responsible television use among learners. The study concluded that television, when properly guided and regulated, can become a valuable educational medium that enhances learners’ academic growth, discipline, and study habits. It emphasizes the importance of parental supervision and balanced viewing schedules to ensure that television contributes positively to learning rather than serving as a distraction.

Keywords : Television Viewing Habits, Study Habits of Elementary Learners, Screen Time and Academic Behavior, Parental Mediation of Media Use, Educational Media Exposure.

References :

1. A. Cabanda, “The Behavioral Effects of Excessive Use of Gadgets among DLSMHSI SHS Students” (De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, 2021), https://www.slideshare.net.
2. A. Cruz, “The Role of Educational Television in Stimulating Curiosity and Critical Thinking in Elementary Learners.” Journal of Educational Media Studies 10, no. 2 (2021): 150–165.
3. A. D. Santos and J. M. Santos, “Television-Based Instruction: Its Utilization in the Blended Learning Approach,” International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research and Innovation (2024).
4. A. Evans, A. B. Jordan, and J. Horner, “Only Two Hours? A Qualitative Study of the Challenges Parents Perceive in Restricting Child Television Time,” Journal of Family Issues 32, no. 9 (2015): 1223–1244, https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X14521814.
5. A. Gentile, R. A. Reimer, A. I. Nathanson, D. A. Walsh, J. C. Eisenmann, and D. Walsh, “Protective Effects of Parental Monitoring of Children’s Media Use: A Prospective Study,” JAMA Pediatrics 168, no. 5 (2014): 479–484, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.146.
6. A. Gonzales, “Television Viewing Habits and Bullying of Intermediate Grade School Children,” Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research 45 (2017).
7. A. N. Castro, “Television, Time Use, and Academic Achievement: Evidence from a Natural Experiment,” Discussion Paper No. 19/06, The University of Nottingham, Granger Centre for Time Series Econometrics, 2019.
8. A. T. Rivera, “Perception of Parents on the Influence of Television in Their Children’s Behavior” (Bachelor’s special paper, Central Philippine University, 2019), https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12852/2459.
9. Abigail B. C. Dy, Angela B. C. Dy, and S. K. Santos³⁴, “Measuring Effects of Screen Time on the Development of Children in the Philippines: A Cross‑Sectional Study,” BMC Public Health 23 (2023): 1261, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16188-4.
10. Adelantado-Renau et al., “Relationship between Screen Media Usage,” 4983.
11. Ahmad Abuhmaid, “Teachers' Perspectives on Interactive Whiteboards as Instructional Tools in Four Jordanian Schools,” Contemporary Educational Technology 5, no. 1 (2015): 73–89, https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/6116.
12. Albert Bandura, Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1986).
13. Alemayehu Tarekegn and Seblewongel Endris, “The Relationship Between Hours of Television Watching and Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students: The Case of Some Selected Secondary Schools in Harer City,” International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 7, no. 3 (2019): 61–66.
14. Alemayehu Tarekegn and Seblewongel Endris, “The Relationship Between Hours of Television Watching and Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students: The Case of Some Selected Secondary Schools in Harer City,” International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 7, no. 3 (2019): 61–66.
15. Alyssa Ribner, Catherine Fitzpatrick, and Christy Blair, “Family Socioeconomic Status Moderates Associations between Television Viewing and School Readiness Skills,” Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 38, no. 3 (2017): 233–239.
16. American Academy of Pediatrics, “Policy Statement: Media and Young Minds,” Pediatrics 138, no. 5 (2016): e20162591, https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-2591.
17. Brigid Vittrup, Susan Snider, Katherine K. Rose, and Jennifer Rippy, “Parental Perceptions of the Role of Media and Technology in Their Young Children’s Lives,” Journal of Early Childhood Research 14, no. 1 (2016): 43–54, https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X14523749.
18. Bushan, “Television and Global Connectivity: Its Role in Education and Culture,” International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics 15, no. 1 (2019): 28–42.
19. C. Naval et al., “Relationship Between Parenting Practices and Children's Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic,” 2020, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345745209.
20. CableCompare, “The Globalization of TV Content: Cross-Cultural Shows and Trends,” 2025, https://www.cablecompare.com/blog/globalization-tv-content.
21. Christine Louise, “Exhibit Tech,” Exhibit Tech Organization, September 17, 2018, accessed October 21, 2018, http://www.exhibit-tech.org/.
22. Codilla, “Television Programs in the Eyes of School Children: A Phenomenological Study” (Master’s thesis, University of Mindanao, 2017), http://103.123.43.47:8080/handle/20.500.14045/715.
23. Common Good Ventures, “Television and Globalization: Connecting People Worldwide,” n.d.
24. D. A. Sulo, “Parents’ Attitudes toward Children’s Television Viewing and Its Role in Child Development,” Ascendens Asia Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts 2, no. 6 (2018).
25. D. Alipasa, S. J. Dizon, and R. R. Lalatag, “The Relationship between Television Watching and Language Achievement among Grade Eight Students in Angelicum Primarosa Montessori School, A.Y. 2013–2014” (unpublished undergraduate thesis, Adamson University, 2014).
26. D. Maravillas, “Understanding the Perceptions of the Senior High School Students and Faculty on the Integration of Televisions in the Classrooms of Cebu Doctors’ University” (unpublished manuscript, 2023).
27. D. Neshteruk, G. L. Tripicchio, S. Lobaugh, A. E. Vaughn, C. T. Luecking, S. Mazzucca, and D. S. Ward, “Screen Time Parenting Practices and Associations with Preschool Children’s TV Viewing and Weight-Related Outcomes,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (2021): 7359, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147359.
28. D. Reyes, “Television Viewing and Its Influence on the Behavior of Adolescents in Cebu City,” Cebu Journal of Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (2019): 67–75.
29. Department of Health, Philippines, “COVID-19 Health Information Campaigns in the Philippines” (2020), https://www.languageonthemove.com/covid-19-health-information-campaigns-in-the-philippines/.
30. Dimitri A. Christakis and Frederick J. Zimmerman, “Media as a Public Health Issue,” Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine (2015).
31. F. Averion, H. B. F. Caleja, and V. M. Zapanta, “LED TV in the Classroom: Its Acceptability and Effectiveness in the Philippines,” PUPIL: International Journal of Teaching, Education and Learning 4, no. 2 (2020): 34.
32. F. Averion, H. B. F. Caleja, and V. M. Zapanta, “LED TV in the Classroom: Its Acceptability and Effectiveness in the Philippines,” PUPIL: International Journal of Teaching, Education and Learning 4, no. 2 (2020): 34–40.
33. Fikret Kayalar, “Cross-Cultural Comparison of Teachers' Views upon Integration and Use of Technology in Classroom,” Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology (TOJET) 15, no. 2 (2016): 11–19.
34. Garcia, Effectiveness of Television-Based Instruction in Enhancing the Learning Competencies of Grade V Pupils in Science and Health in Sta. Cruz Elementary School, Tarlac City (unpublished master’s thesis, Tarlac State University, Tarlac City, 2012).
35. George Gerbner, “Cultivation Analysis: An Overview,” in Mass Communication and Society, ed. Bryant and Zillmann (New York: Academic Press, 2002), 85–110.
36. Giedre Lissak, “Adverse Physiological and Psychological Effects of Screen Time on Children and Adolescents: Literature Review and Case Study,” Environmental Research 164 (2018): 149–157.
37. https://doi.org/10.1177/20427530221107774
38. Iman Sharif and James D. Sargent, “Association Between Television, Movie, and Video Game Exposure and School Performance,” Pediatrics 118, no. 4 (2006): e1061–e1070.
39. J. M. Dalmacio et al., “Exploring the Implication of Gadgets Use Towards School and Behavior of Middle Childhood: A Mothers’ Perspectives,” Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 7, no. 9 (2023), https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=20573.
40. J. M. R. Asio, M. F. D. De Guzman, E. Riego de Dios, and J. A. Costales, “Predictors of Family Screen Time Exposure among Students in Selected Higher Education Institutions in Central Luzon, Philippines,” Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Studies 23, no. 2 (2023): 460–474, https://so02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hasss/article/view/260932.
41. J. M. Reyes, and D. F. Villanueva, “The Influence of Parental Engagement on Academic Discipline and Responsibility Among Elementary Learners.” Journal of Educational Psychology and Development (2020)
42. J. T. Cando, “The Effects of TV Viewing on the Mentality and Behavior of Grade IV Elementary Students of Campokpok Central School, Tabango Leyte” (unpublished manuscript, Palompon Institute of Technology, 2016).
43. Jackson and S. Roberts, “The Power of Infographics: Promoting Trust and Confidence in Statistics,” Information Design Journal 29, no. 3 (2023): 209–220, https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.18083.jac.
44. Jaleniauskiene and J. Kasperiuniene, “Infographics in Higher Education: A Scoping Review,” Journal of Further and Higher Education 47, no. 5 (2023): 654–669,
45. John W. Creswell, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 4th ed. Sage Publications, 2014.
46. Johnson, T.-A. Chen, S. O. Hughes, and T. M. O’Connor, “The Association of Parents’ Outcome Expectations for Child TV Viewing with Parenting Practices and Child TV Viewing: An Examination Using Path Analysis,” International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 12, no. 1 (2015): 70, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-015-0232-2.
47. Karim K. Kakamad and Ali H. Fatah, “The Relationship Between Watching Television and Academic Achievement in 9th Graders Students,” Information Management and Business Review 10, no. 1 (2018): 6–12.
48. Karim K. Kakamad and Ali H. Fatah³, “The Relationship between Watching Television and Academic Achievement in 9th Graders Students,” Information Management and Business Review 10, no. 1 (2018): 6–12.
49. Karolina Kostyrka-Allchorne, Nicola R. Cooper, and Abigail Simpson, “The Relationship Between Television Exposure and Children’s Cognition and Behaviour: A Systematic Review,” Developmental Review 44 (2017): 19–58.
50. Khan, “Television and Cultural Transformation: A Sociological Analysis,” Journal of Media and Society 9, no. 4 (2017): 52–60.
51. Klaus Boehnke, Hans J. Munch, and Dieter Hoffmann, “Parenting, TV Viewing, and Children’s Behavior: A Developmental Psychology Perspective,” Journal of Child and Family Studies 24, no. 5 (2015): 1367–1378, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-9942-3.
52. L. M. Mendoza, and R. A. San Juan. “Balancing Education and Entertainment: A Study of Children's Television Viewing Preferences.” Philippine Journal of Education and Media (2023)
53. Lazard and L. Atkinson, “Putting Environmental Infographics Center Stage: The Role of Visuals at the Elaboration Likelihood Model's Critical Point of Persuasion,” Science Communication 37, no. 1 (2015): 6–33, https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547014555997.
54. M. Frizzell, “An Investigation of the Effects of Background Television on Attention, Performance, Learning, and Executive Functioning in Preschoolers” (Doctoral dissertation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2019).
55. M. P. Sanchez, “Parental Guidance and Its Impact on Children's Educational Television Viewing Habits,” Philippine Journal of Education 96, no. 2 (2017): 45–53.
56. M. R. Sumbilon and J. S. Valmorida, “Teaching Strategies, Parental Involvement, TVL Learners’ Self-Efficacy and Performance in Modular Distance Learning,” American Journal of Educational Research 11, no. 10 (2023): 658–669, https://doi.org/10.12691/education-11-10-5.
57. M. T. Lim and C. A. Arcilla Jr., “Integrating Mobile Devices in the Classroom: Perceptions of Students and Teachers in a Philippine High School,” 2021, https://www.scribd.com/document/681067277.
58. Moeller, Learning from Television: A Research Review, Center for Children and Technology Reports, 2016.
59. N. D. Fernandez Jr., Y. V. Pante, and N. C. Seng, “Samsung Inaugurates First SMART Classroom in Philippine Science High School,” HardwareZone, February 14, 2014, accessed October 25, 2018, https://www.hardwarezone.com.ph/tech-news-samsung-inaugurates-first-smartclassroom-philippine-science-high-school.
60. Nina Stiglic and Russell M. Viner, “Effects of Screentime on the Health and Well-Being of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Reviews,” BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (2019): e023191.
61. Ofcom, Children and Parents: Media Use and Attitudes Report, Issue 20 (November 2017), http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/research/medialiteracy/media-use-attitudes-14/Childrens_2014_Report.pdf.
62. Philippine Association for Media and Information Literacy, PAMIL Digital Poster Series (2021), https://pamil.org.ph/pamil-digital-poster-series/.
63. Philippine Children’s Television Foundation, “Media’s Role in the Changing Landscape of Childhood,” 2018, https://www.pctf.org.ph.
64. Philippine Information Agency, Annual Report 2021 (2021), https://pia.gov.ph/uploads/2022/03/4fba1cdc24fc29cbc2b7a43fb51f518b.pdf.
65. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, “Infographics - Fact Friday,” 2025, https://www.pids.gov.ph/content/public/index-custom?view=resource%2Findex-infographics.
66. Philippine Statistics Authority - RSSO VI, 35th National Statistics Month Infographics Making Contest (2024), https://rsso06.psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/article/35th-NSM-Infographics-Making-Contest.pdf.
67. R. F. Daling, “Accepting ICT Integration: A Challenge to School and Curriculum,” International Journal of Education and Research 6 (2018): 1–18.
68. R. Molina, “Parental Supervision and Children’s Television Viewing Behavior,” Philippine Journal of Family Development 12, no. 3 (2018): 77–89.
69. R. Murray, A. D. Murray, S. J. Wordie, C. W. Oliver, A. W. Murray, and A. H. R. W. Simpson, “Maximising the Impact of Your Work Using Infographics,” Bone & Joint Research 6, no. 11 (2017): 619–620, https://doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.611.BJR-2017-0313.
70. R. P. Lazaro, “The Impact of Educational Television Programs on the Academic Performance of Elementary Pupils in Quezon City,” Journal of Philippine Education Research 10, no. 2 (2018): 45–53.
71. Ş. Elaldı and T. Çifçi, “The Effectiveness of Using Infographics on Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis and a Meta-Thematic Analysis,” Journal of Pedagogical Research 6, no. 1 (2022): 1–16, https://doi.org/10.33902/jpr.2022.469
72. Sara Domingues-Montanari, “Clinical and Psychological Effects of Excessive Screen Time on Children,” Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 53, no. 4 (2017): 333–338.
73. Smart Communications, Inc., August 31, 2016, accessed October 24, 2018, https://smart.com.ph/About/newsroom/full-news/2016/08/31/school-in-a-bag-project-ofsmart-brings-digital-learning-to-remote-communities.
74. Thomas Poulain, Tobias Peschel, Michael Vogel, Anja Jurkutat, and Walter Kiess, “Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations of Screen Time and Physical Activity with School Performance at Different Types of Secondary School,” BMC Public Health 18, no. 1 (2018): 563, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5472-0.
75. Ul-Ahmin and I. Mattoo, “Television as a Catalyst of Social Change: An Empirical Study of Children’s Behavior,” International Journal of Media Research 11, no. 1 (2018): 20–31.
76. Victoria Rideout, The Common-Sense Census: Media Use by Kids Age Zero to Eight (Common Sense Media, 2017).

77. William Supper, François Guay, and Diane Talbot, “The Relation Between Television Viewing Time and Reading Achievement in Elementary School Children: A Test of Substitution and Inhibition Hypotheses,” Frontiers in Psychology 12 (2021).